Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial chronic intestinal inflammatory disorder characterized both by genetic and environmental factors.1 Among the latter, the microbiome recently emerged as one of the most promising avenues of research to understand the pathogenesis of IBD. Several studies have shown differences in microbiome composition and diversity in IBD patients compared with healthy controls.2,3 Larger cohorts have allowed for further characterization of the gut microbiota in IBD patients, including assays that determine function and activity of the microbiome and thus provide better mechanistic insights.
